Statistical modeling of atmospheric trace metals in Lahore,Pakistan for correlation and source identification     

Muhammad Irfan Jalees  Zukhruf Asim 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(9):842

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Petrology and geochemistry of Jura granite and granite gneiss in the Neelum Valley,Lesser Himalayas (Kashmir,Pakistan)     

Muhammad Saleem Mughal  Muhammad Sabir Khan  Muhammad Rustam Khan  Sohail Mustafa  Fahad Hameed  Muhammad Basharat  Abrar Niaz 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(8):528

Late Proterozoic rocks of Tanol Formation in the Lesser Himalayas of Neelum Valley area are largely green schist to amphibolite facies rocks intruded by early Cambrian Jura granite gneiss and Jura granite representing Pan-African orogeny event in the area. These rocks are further intruded by pegmatites of acidic composition, aplites, and dolerite dykes. Based on field observations, texture, and petrographic character, three different categories of granite gneiss (i.e., highly porphyritic, coarse-grained two micas granite gneiss, medium-grained two micas granite gneiss, and leucocratic tourmaline-bearing muscovite granite gneiss), and granites (i.e., highly porphyritic coarse-grained two micas granite, medium-grained two micas granite, and leucocratic tourmaline-bearing coarse-grained muscovite granite) were classified. Thin section studies show that granite gneiss and granite are formed due to fractional crystallization, as revealed by zoning in plagioclase. The Al saturation index indicates that granite gneiss and granite are strongly peraluminous and S-type. Geochemical analysis shows that all granite gneisses are magnesian except one which is ferroan whereas all granites are ferroan except one which is magnesian. The CaO/Na₂O ratio (>0.3) indicates that granitic melt of Jura granite gneiss and granite is pelite-psammite derived peraluminous granitic melt formed due to partial melting of Tanol Formation. The rare earth element (REE) patterns of the Jura granite and Jura granite gneiss indicate that granitic magma of Jura granite and Jura granite gneiss is formed due to partial melting of rocks that are similar in composition to that of upper continental crust.  相似文献   

Geohazards induced by anthropic activities of geoconstruction: a review of recent failure cases     

Khalid Elbaz  Jack S. Shen  Arul Arulrajah  Suksun Horpibulsuk 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(18):708

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Is Ziarat a Potential Site for Conventional or Unconventional Energy Resources?     

Sarfraz KHAN  Umair Bin NISAR  Khawar A. AHMED  Muhammad WASEEM  Waqas AHMED 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(4):1544-1557

A structural interpretation of the Ziarat block in the Balochistan region (a part of the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt) has been carried out using seismic and seismological data. Seismic data consists of nine 2.5D pre‐stack migrated seismic lines, whereas the seismological data covers the Fault Plane Solution and source parameters. Structural interpretation describes two broad fault sets of fore and back thrusts in the study area that have resulted in the development of pop‐up structures, accountable for the structural traps and seismicity pattern in terms of seismic hazard. Seismic interpretation includes time and depth contour maps of the Dungan Formation and Ranikot group, while seismological interpretation includes Fault Plane Solution, that is correlated with a geological and structural map of the area for the interpretation of the nature of the subsurface faults. Principal stresses are also estimated for the Ranikot group and Dungan Formation. In order to calculate anisotropic elastic properties, the parameters of the rock strength of the formations are first determined from seismic data, along with the dominant stresses (vertical, minimum horizontal, and maximum horizontal). The differential ratio of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses is obtained to indicate optimal zones for hydraulic fracturing, and to assess the potential for geothermal energy reservoir prospect generation. The stress maps indicate high values towards the deeper part of the horizon, and low towards the shallower part, attributed to the lithological and structural variation in the area. Outcomes of structural interpretation indicate a good correlation of structure and tectonics from both seismological and seismic methods.  相似文献   

Seismic stratigraphy of the Mianwali and Bannu depressions,north-western Indus foreland basin     

Farid  Asam  Khalid  Perveiz  Ali  Muhammad Y.  Iqbal  Muhammad Asim  Jadoon  Khan Zaib 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(5):1557-1578

International Journal of Earth Sciences - Regional seismic reflection profiles, deep exploratory wells, and outcrop data have been used to study the structure and stratigraphic architecture of the...  相似文献   

Isolation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus cereus</Emphasis> from botanical soil and subsequent biodegradation of waste engine oil     

S. Bhurgri  F. N. Talpur  S. M. Nizamani  H. I. Afridi  M. A. Surhio  Muhammad Raza Shah  C. W. Bong 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(7):1453-1466

Waste engine oil causes a vital environmental pollution when it spill during change and transportation and products of waste engine oil causes lethal effects to the living systems. Thus, abiotic and biotic approaches are being extensively used for removal of waste engine oil pollution. Therefore in present study, waste engine oil degradation was accomplished by a new bacterial culture, isolated from the soil by an enrichment technique. Morphological, biochemical and gene sequence analysis revealed that isolate was Bacillus cereus. Subsequently, biodegradation potential of B. cereus for waste engine oil was studied. Experimental variables, such as pH, substrate concentration, inoculum size, temperature and time on the biodegradation, were checked in mineral salt medium. The biodegradation efficiency of B. cereus was determined by gravimetry, UV–visible spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. In addition, waste engine oil was also characterized by GC–MS and FTIR for its major constituents, which showed total 38 components in waste engine oil, including hopanes, benzopyrene, long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, dibenzothiophenes, biphenyl and their derivatives. Results of successive biodegradation indicated that B. cereus was capable to degrade 1% of waste engine oil with 98.6% degradation potential at pH 7 within 20 days. Hence, B. cereus presents an innovative tool for removing the engine oil from the contaminated area.  相似文献   

Geospatial assessment of soil erosion intensity and sediment yield: a case study of Potohar Region,Pakistan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Saleem Ullah  Amjad Ali  Muhammad Iqbal  Muhammad Javid  Muhammad Imran 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(19):705

Estimation of spatial extent of soil erosion, one of the most serious forms of land degradation, is critical because soil erosion has serious implications on soil fertility, water ecosystem, crop productivity and landscape beauty. The primary objective of the current study was to assess and map the soil erosion intensity and sedimentation yield of Potohar region of Pakistan. Potohar is the rainfed region with truncated and complex topography lying at the top of the Indus Basin, the world’s largest irrigation networks of canals and barrages. Spatially explicit Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Model integrated with Remote Sensing-GIS techniques was used for detecting/mapping of erosion prone areas and quantification of soil losses. The results show that the Potohar region is highly susceptible to soil erosion with an average annual soil loss of 19 tons ha^?1 year^?1 of which the maximum erosion (70–208 tons ha^?1 year^?1) was near the river channels and hilly areas. The sediment yield due to the erosion is as high as 148 tons ha^?1 year^?1 with an average of 4.3 tons ha^?1 year^?1. It was found that 2.06% of the total area falls under severe soil erosion, 13.34% under high erosion, 15.35% under moderate soil erosion while 69.25% of the area lies in the low (tolerable) soil erosion. Chakwal and Jhelum districts of the region are seriously affected by erosion owing to their topography and soil properties. The information generated in this study is a step forward towards proper planning and implementation of strategies to control the erosion and for protection of natural resources. It is, hence, necessary that suitable water harvesting structures be made to control water to prevent soil erosion and provision of water in the lean season in this region. Tree plantation and other erosion control practices such as strip cropping can also minimize soil erosion in this region.  相似文献   

The Red Sea depositional architecture: insights from 3D modeling     

Khalid A. Almalki  Syed A. Mahmud  Hisham I. Hashem  Oumar A. Loni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(11):277

More than half a century of geological and exploration studies have taken place in the Red Sea area, and still very limited information is available to the geological community in regard to the lithological distribution and the stratigraphic architecture. In this study, extensive well data was used to build the first lithologic and stratigraphic 3D models of the entire Red Sea to better understand the lithological distribution. The potential models have been constrained by bathymetric and geophysical data. Studied data demonstrate that up to 5 km of sediments were deposited in the Red Sea. It is mainly comprised of limestones, evaporites, and shales. Our models show that the evaporite body represents more than 70% of the Red Sea succession. In particular, the evaporite succession seems to be well developed in the southern region. Salt dome features are present and developed close to the margins. The models suggest that domal formation did not enable thick carbonate accumulation in some parts of the basin but the carbonate generally follows the evaporite trend. The models help to identify the main controls leading to salt diapir by highlighting the distribution of this body and the geometry of geological structures. Syn-rift faulting and rifting has been one of the most prominent structural features. Complex interplay of tectono-stratigraphic events played a significant role in shaping the stratigraphic evolution of the Red Sea basin with multiple evolution phases of paleoenvironment and paleogeographic were recognized based on the models. Our synthesis and interpretation support that moderately deep marine conditions dominated in the Miocene, whereas shallow seas dominated the whole basin during the Plio-Pleistocene period as a result of episodic marine invasion. However, lacustrine environment may have prevailed at the Oligocene time in isolated half grabens.  相似文献   

Effect of heat treatment on dynamic properties of selected rock types taken from the Salt Range in Pakistan     

M. Farooq Ahmed  Umer Waqas  Muhammad Arshad  J. David Rogers 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(22):728

Temperature is one of the variables that influence the elasto-plastic behavior and integrity of rock outcrops. Fluctuations in temperature can trigger alteration of some of the mineral properties and impact the brittle-plastic transition. Initiation and propagation of thermally induced tension cracks tend to weaken most rock types. The principal goal of this study was to anticipate impacts of thermal stress-strain cycles on the dynamic response of representative rock units exposed in the Khewra Gorge of the Salt Range Punjab of Pakistan. Ten types of sedimentary rock units were sampled, including marl, dolomite, three types of limestone, and five different sandstones exhibiting varying characteristics in outcrop. Boulder specimens were collected from the field and transported to the laboratory to prepare 50 drill cores that could be subjected to thermal cycling between 50 and 200 °C in increments of 50 °C. Room temperature core samples were tested using an Erudite resonance frequency meter to measure their Q-factors and the resonance frequency (F_r) at an applied loading frequency of 7 KHz with 0.01 V output voltage. Results suggest that thermal cycling tends to reduce the dynamic Young’s modulus (E_d) and Q-factor. Other parameters, such as damping ratio (ξ), specific damping capacity (Ψ), and loss factor (?) appeared to increase with increasing temperature cycles, likely as a result of developing thermally induced tensile fractures. The resultant values of the null hypothesis (t-critical and t-stats) suggests that the null hypothesis can be discarded because there was no observable difference between the measured and expected values for the cores tested. The observations and data emanating from this study might be useful in designing low-level radioactive waste landfills, nuclear waste repositories, and deep underground excavations where the increased temperature could alter the mechanical behavior of the parent rock mass.  相似文献   

Synthesis of biochar from sugarcane filter-cake and its impacts on physiological performance of lettuce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lettuce sativa</Emphasis>) grown on cadmium contaminated soil     

Anum Sehar  Rukhsanda Aziz  Muhammad Tariq Rafiq  Muhammad Mazhar Hussain  Muhammad Rizwan  Adiba Khan Sehrish  Muhammad Khalid Rafiq  Jalal ud Din  Qaiser Hussain  Mohammad I. Al-Wabel  Shafaqat Ali 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(20):634

Soil contamination with cadmium has become major concern all over the world because of its adverse impacts on ecosystem health and agricultural land. Soil amendment with biochar may have varied effects on physical and chemical properties of soil. The objective of the study was to explore the impact of sugarcane filter-cake biochar on physiological performance and growth of lettuce in an aged soil. Four different doses (0, 1.5%, 3%, and 5%) of biochar were used in the soil and conditioned for 1 month. After this, lettuce seedlings were grown in the soil. The results showed that the biochar treatment improved the fresh and dry biomass of leaves and roots as well as plant height while diminished the bioavailability of cadmium from the soil. As compared to control, biochar significantly enhanced the chlorophyll content in lettuce leaves. Due to the biochar amendment, the oxidative stress decreased in lettuce shoots over the control. As compared to control, concentration of cadmium in lettuce significantly decreased after the application of biochar. It was concluded that biochar could mitigate the toxicity of cadmium in lettuce by altering the biochemical and physiological processes in cadmium contaminated soil.  相似文献